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2008年审计英语讲义 Ethical Issues
[与中文教材2008版第一至五章相关]
Auditor在任命和解除时的ethical issue:
Appointment任命/聘请
Removal解雇
Resignation辞职
Retirement退休
Auditors’ rights and duties审计人员的权利和义务
1.1 Fundamental Principles基本原则
Integrity诚实
Objectivity客观
Professional competence and due care专业胜任能力和合理审慎

Confidentiality保密
Compliance of laws and regulation合规
General threats to independence对独立性的威胁
Self-interest经济利益
Self-review自我评价
Familiarity关联关系
Intimidation外界压力
1.2 General Safeguard against threats(对威胁采取的规避措施)
Safeguard created by profession (职业的防范措施)
Safeguard in the work environment (客户内部防范措施)

Safeguards created by individuals(个人的防范措施)
只有独立才能客观,只有客观才能说实话
2.1 Financial interest(经济利益)
2.2 Loans and guarantees(贷款和担保)
2.3 Close business relationships(与鉴证客户存在密切的经营关系)
2.4 Family and personal relationships(家庭和个人关系)
2.5 Employment with assurance clients(与鉴证客户发生雇佣关系)
2.6 Serving on a client’s board of directors(作为鉴证客户的经理或董事)
2.7 Long association of senior personnel with audit clients(高级职员与鉴证客户之间的长期联系)

2.8 Provision of non-assurance services to assurance clients(向鉴证客户提供非鉴证业务)
2.9 Size of fees(收费)
2.10 Overdue fees(额外收费)
2.11 Pricing(定价)
2.12 Contingent fees(或有收费)
Commission(佣金)
2.13 Gifts and hospitality(礼物和收费)
2.14 Actual and threatened litigation(实际或潜在的诉讼)
Conflict of Interest(利益冲突)
Auditors’ responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud and error(审计人员就阻止和检查发现欺诈和错误所承担的责任)

Content of Letter of Engagement(审计业务约定书)
A letter of engagement will usually include:
A statement of understanding of the terms of the engagement
The scope and limitations of an audit
If relevant, that a controls weakness letter will be produced if necessary
A statement of the responsibilities of the directors in respect of the financial statement and accounting records
How fees will be calculated
就约定书条款知晓理解的声明;
审计的范围和限制
是否提供内控改进报告书
管理层在准备财务报表方面所应承担的责任
计费方式
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