2008年审计英语讲义 The Finalization of Audit

　（完成审计工作）

　　 [与中文教材2008版第十八章相关]
　　 Part I Subsequent Events（期后事项）
　　Auditors should consider the effect of subsequent events （after the balance sheet date）on the accounts.
　　‘Subsequent events’include:
　　Events occurring between the period end and the date of the auditor’s report
　　Facts discovered after the date of the auditor’s report;
　　审计人员应考虑期后事项对报表的影响。
　　期后事项包括:
　　资产负债表日后至审计报告出具日
　　审计报告出具日之后
　　Procedures（程序、流程）
　　Auditors have a responsibility to review subsequent events before they sign their audit report, and may have to take action if they become aware of subsequent events between the date they sign their audit report and the date the financial statements are laid before members.
　　在签署审计报告前审计人员有责任检查考虑在资产负债表日后至出具报告日期间发生的相关事项,并有可能会采取相关措施。　　

　　
　　The date of signing the audit report represents a change from active evidence gathering to passive evidence awareness.
　　审计报告出具日代表着审计人员从主动收集证据向被动知晓的转变。
　　
　　
　　

　　Part II　Going Concern（持续经营）

　　Management’s responsibility（管理层的责任）
　　It is management’s responsibility to assess the validity of the going concern status of the entity.
　　评估企业持续经营地位的假设是否有效是管理层的责任。

　　Indicators of problems（存在问题的迹象）
　　Operating losses经营损失
　　Overdue accounts payable逾期应付账款
　　Dependence on short-term financed for long-term needs短贷长用

　　Working capital deficiencies and poor liquidity ratios流动资金短期和流动性指标恶化

　　High gearing and/or borrowing in excess of limits杠杆比率高/突破举债限额
　　Default on dividend or interest payments, or loan repayments未能按时还本付息
　　Excessive levels of current assets流动资产过高
　　Failure to replace outdated non-current assets非流动资产未及时更新

　　Potential losses on long-term construction contracts潜在损失的建筑合同
　　Loss of key staff members, or of key customers or suppliers关键员工/客户/供应商流失
　　Obsolescence of main product, or excessive reliance on a new product主要产品过时/新产品集中度过高
　　Major litigation主要诉讼
　　Changes in legislation立法变化

　　The auditor’s responsibility
　　Planning considerations在审计计划时予以考虑
　　Evaluating management’s assessment对管理层估计进行评估
　　
　　Additional audit procedures when events or conditions are identified:
　　Review management’s plans for future actions based on its going concern assessment（基于持续经营假想检查管理层未来经营计划）
　　Gather sufficient appropriate audit evidence to confirm or dispel whether or not a material uncertainty exists （收集充分合适的审计证据以确认或排除主要不确定因素）
　　Seek written representations from management regarding its plans for future action（需求管理层关于未来计划和举措的声明）

　　Part III　Management Representation（管理层声明）
　　Towards the end of an audit，it is common for the external auditor to seek a letter of representation（written representations）from the management of the client company.
　　Required:
　　（a）Explain why auditors seek letters of representation. （5 marks）
　　（b）List the matters commonly included in the letter of representation. （6 marks）
　　审计快要结束时，通常外审人员需从管理层获得其声明作为审计证据。

　　问:
　　1.外审人员为什么需要管理层声明?
　　2.管理层声明通常包括的内容?
　　（a）Letter of representation
　　（i）Atditors seek a letter of representation in order to obtain written audit evidence on matters that are material to the financial statements when other sufficient appropriate audit evidence cannot reasonably be expected to exist （ISA 580’Management Representations’）.
　　（ii）Representations may be the only evidence which can reasonably be available,but they cannot be a substitute for other audit evidence that could ressonably be expected to be available, Such matters may include managements’s intention to hold an item for long-term appreciation.
　　（iii）The letter also ensures that directors acknowledge their collective responsibility for the presentation and approval of the financial statements, The letter is signed by those with knowledge of the matters concemed, on behalf of management.
　　（b）Common categories of matters included in the letterof representation
　　（i）Confirmation of responsibility for ,and approvalof , the financial statements.
　　（ii）Confirmation that all ot the accounting records, and all related documentation （such as mintutes of management and shareholder meetings ）have made available,and that company transactions have been properly reflected therein.
　　（iii）Confirmation of the expected outcome of legal claims.
　　（iv）Confirmation of company plans in relation to certain tax provisions.
　　（v）Confirmationof the completeness of disclosure of related party transactions.

　　（vi）Confirmation that there have been no post-balance sheet events that require revisions to the financial statements.

　　Part IV　Opening Balances（期初余额）
　　Opening balances do not contain misstatements that materially affect the current period financial statements（期初余额不包含影响当期报表的错报）
　　Prior period closing balances have been correctly brought forward or restated（上期余额已正确结转）

　　Appropriate accounting policies have been consistently applied, or changes adequately disclosed（合适的会计政策一直沿用或修改后予以充分披露）